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Abstract

Maritime navigation, despite its importance, is inherently fraught with risks, including natural perils like storms, shipwreck, grounding, and collision, as well as risks related to the vessel itself. Historically, wooden sailing ships were highly vulnerable to such hazards. With technological advances—steam power, electricity, and nuclear energy—shipbuilding evolved, producing more resilient metal vessels with sophisticated machinery. However, modern ships are not immune to accidents; technical failures in engines or equipment can still lead to significant losses. To mitigate these risks and compensate for maritime damages, marine insurance emerged as a crucial mechanism for protecting cargo and vessels, thereby supporting global maritime trade.

DOI

10.66499/2665-7112.1682

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