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“Al-Batira Makhawi Tir” novel for the Sudanese novelist “Djamel Din Ali Al-Hadj” – Eco-Criticism approach –

Abstract

A talk about “environmental literature” today is a talk about new literature resulted by the reality we live in, as are many literary genres, including: digital literature, science fiction literature, pandemic literature and others. Through these genres, writers sought to reflect the reality with all its manifestations and changes in a form of distinguished and unique literary works. This genre of literature was accompanied by criticism that today is considered one of the new topics on both western and Arab critical scene, namely “Eco-criticism”. Regardless of the statements stating that this kind of criticism has roots in our ancient Arab heritage - as a post-modern criticism, we are still looking for a precise concept for it in the present time. What characterizes postmodern approaches is their ability to dive very deeply into the hideouts of literary works despite its different genres. The text is no longer viewed traditionally, but from perspectives that have a close and direct relationship to human life, his relationship to his past, his present and even his perception of his future. This study sought to approach the novel “Al-Batira Makhawi Tir” for the Sudanese writer “Djamal Din Ali Al-Hadj” an environmental approach, focusing on the relationship that links human with his environment: nature, animals, and even objects. This is due to the destruction of the Nubia area in recent years as a result of the construction of the High Dam (Nasser lake), in which the man was the main and only cause of all of this. For the novelist “Djamal Din Ali Al-Hadj”, like other writers, the environment had a clear presence in their writings. So to what extent has his novel succeeded in pointing out to the man the mistakes he has made against his environment, which will bring mass destruction to him and to this planet? This is what the study tried to uncover, focusing on the most striking patterns in the novel, through which the author sought to infuse the collective conscience of the readers. The aim is to adopt sufficient awareness and wisdom about what’s around us, especially when it comes to the Nubia region, whose residents have lived for thousands of years on the banks of the Great Nile. According to our opinion, this novel succeeded in exerting its power over the reader artistically and aesthetically, influencing his convictions and opinions, especially since it was based on aesthetic narrative language and masterful drama. It has also been so dedicated in portraying its characters, especially the character of the hero “Al-Batira”, who is so well-adapted to nature that he became an integral part of it. Such a perfect literary work will undoubtedly carry out its message to the fullest.

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